@inproceedings{Kaul2020Design,
	abstract = {We propose around-the-head spatial vibrotactile patterns for representing different kinds of notifications. The patterns are defined in terms of stimulus location, intensity profile, rhythm, and roughness modulation. A first study evaluates recall and distinguishability of 30 patterns, as well as agreement on meaning without a predetermined context: Agreement is low, yet the recognition rate is surprisingly high. We identify which kinds of patterns users recognize well and which ones they prefer. Static stimulus location patterns have a higher recognition rate than dynamic patterns, which move across the head as they play. Participants preferred dynamic patterns for comfort. A second study shows that participants are able to distinguish substantially more around-the-head spatial patterns than smartphone-based patterns. Spatial location has the highest positive impact on accuracy among the examined features, so this parameter allows for a large number of levels.},
	title = {Design and Evaluation of On-the-Head Spatial Tactile Patterns},
	author = {Kaul, Oliver Beren and Rohs, Michael and Mogalle, Marc},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia},
	location = {Essen, Germany},
	doi = {10.1145/3428361.3428407},
	isbn = {9781450388702},
	year = {2020}
}